The Coffee That Built the Modern WorldHow penny universities shaped our society by excluding women.

The origins of modern finance, politics, and journalism can be traced back to 17th-century English coffeehouses. For the price of a coffee, men gained access to information and networks that would define the future. This system, however, was built on exclusion. By barring women from these 'penny universities,' society denied them a role in shaping the institutions that govern our lives today, reinforcing their confinement to the private sphere.

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